Polyester blends are available, however, the over-whelming majority of jeans sold are percent cotton. The most common dye used is synthetic indigo. The belt loops, waistband, back panel, pockets, and leggings of a pair of blue jeans are all made of indigo-dyed denim. Other features of blue jeans include the zipper, buttons, rivets, and label. Rivets have been traditionally made of copper, but the zippers, snaps and buttons are usually steel.
Designers' labels are often tags made out of cloth, leather, or plastic, while others are embroidered on with cotton thread. Denim, unlike many types of cloth which are woven in one place and sent to another for dying , is woven and dyed at one location.
The process of cloth making involves treating the fabric with a number of chemicals in order to produce clothing with such desirable characteristics such as durability, colorfastness, and comfort. Each step of finishing the cotton fabric dyeing, sanforizing, etc. Byproducts of denim manufacture include organic pollutants, such as starch and dye, which can be treated through biological methods.
These organic wastes may not be dumped into streams or lakes because of their high biochemical oxygen demand. To decompose, such waste materials utilize so much oxygen that the lifeforms in the body of water would be denied the oxygen necessary for survival. Denim manufacturers process their own wastes in compliance with all relevant government regulations. Cotton is a desirable natural fiber for several reasons.
Cloth made from cotton is wear resistant, strong, flexible, and impermeable. Blue jeans are only as good as the cotton that goes into them, however, and several tests exist for cotton fiber.
All bales of cotton are inspected by the denim manufacturer for the desired color, fiber length, and strength. Strength is the most important factor in blue jeans. It is measured by using a weight to pull it. When the fiber breaks, the force used to break it is measured. The cotton's strength index weight of weight divided by weight of sample is then calculated. The finished denim cloth is carefully inspected for defects.
Each defect is rated on a government-defined scale ranging from one point for very small flaws to four points for major defects. Although government regulations allow cloth with a high defect rating to be sold, in reality customers will not accept denim with more than seven to ten defect points per square meter.
Poor cloth is sold as damaged. Denim is also tested for durability and its tendency to shrink. Samples of cloth are washed and dried several times to see how they wear. Blue jeans are also inspected after they are completed.
If a problem can be corrected, the jeans are sent back for re-sewing. The pair is then inspected again and passed. The buttons are inspected to ensure that they and the buttonholes are of the proper size; the snaps, metal buttons, and rivets are checked for durability and their ability to withstand rust. The zippers must be strong enough to with-stand the greater pressures of heavy cloth, and their teeth durability must be checked as well.
This is done by subjecting a sample zipper to a lifetime of openings and closings. Cray, Ed. Houghton Mifflin, Fehr, Barbara. There is a long road from cotton to jeans, and every pair has to travel it. We will explain it here:. Everything starts with ginning of cotton. Cotton is picked from fields and processed and baled. Bales are opened and separated into small tufts.
Then, after it is removed from tightly packed bales and inspected, cotton goes, by means of by air suction, to carding. It goes to the machine with bent wire brushes called cards. They are doing cleaning from foreign matter, disentangling, straightening, and gathering the cotton threads into slivers.
Those slivers go to spinning machines that twist and stretch the cotton slivers forming yarn from them. Some of that yarn is dyed with chemically synthesized indigo dye few times so the color would last longer. It is coated with sizing a type of starchy substance which makes the threads stronger and stiffer. Most jeans are colored in the characteristic blue indigo color.
Indigo is among the oldest dyes used for textile dyeing and originates from the Indigo Ferrer plant. The threads are dipped in large tubs with indigo color and pulled up in the air on large drums when indigo reacts with the oxygen it turns blue the threads are dipped repeatedly until the cotton threads have an intense dark blue color.
The color creates a coating around the thread. The thread is still white inside giving denim its characteristic faded white look when worn. In this stage, colored threads are weave to make denim.
If you look closely at your own pair of jeans you can see the twill pattern of blue and white threads the blue threads called the warp is pulled up and down on the loom and a white thread called the weft is shot back and forth from the entire length of the loom creating the denim pattern. The most common weave is a three by one meaning that three warp threads are visible for every weft thread that is why the weft is more visible on the backside of the fabric.
Another type of weaving is Salvage used in RDD collection, salvaged denim is made the original way on old shuttle looms dating back to the s. The production speed is much slower than modern looms reducing the tension on the yarn creating a softer feel and more durable fabric.
These old looms require more skilled workers and are only produced in Japan and Italy because of their long tradition and jeans manufacturing. Before the denim leaves the fabric mill it undergoes a strict quality control here any defects or variations of color and the fabric is detected at consistent quality denim is necessary to jack and jones quality in jeans.
Hopefully, after reading this you understand what is denim and how denim is made. If you have any confusion then please let me know. After researching around the web, we have found 24 different types of denim used for different reasons in the world. Actually, these types are the detailed breakdown of the different nature of denim fabric.
Although denim is used for making jeans jackets, shirts, and trousers. We can see there is various use of denim. Here is the list of denim products which are commonly made of denim. Nahian Mahmud Shaikat.
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