Overview Multiple sclerosis Open pop-up dialog box Close. Multiple sclerosis In multiple sclerosis, the protective coating on nerve fibers myelin is damaged and may eventually be destroyed. Myelin damage and the nervous system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Myelin damage and the nervous system In multiple sclerosis, the protective coating on nerve fibers myelin in the central nervous system is damaged. Multiple sclerosis: Can it cause seizures? Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Managing depression in MS.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references What is multiple sclerosis? National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Accessed Dec. Daroff RB, et al. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In: Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, Pa. Ferri FF. Multiple sclerosis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Olek MJ.
Clinical presentation, course, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis in adults. Wingerchuk DM expert opinion. Ciccarelli O. Multiple sclerosis in New therapies and biomarkers. The Lancet. Keegan BM. Therapeutic decision making in a new drug era in multiple sclerosis. Seminars in Neurology. Goldman L, et al.
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Inflammation of the optic nerve can result in pain when the eye moves. Vision problems are an early sign of MS. Gait and mobility changes: MS can change the way people walk due to muscle weakness and problems with balance, dizziness, and fatigue. Emotional changes and depression: Demyelination and nerve fiber damage in the brain can trigger emotional changes.
Learning and memory problems: These can make it difficult to concentrate, plan, learn, prioritize, and multitask. Pain: Pain is a common symptom in MS. Neuropathic pain is directly due to MS. Other types of pain occur because of weakness or stiffness of muscles. There is also a higher risk of urinary tract infections , reduced activity, and loss of mobility.
In the later stages, people may experience changes in perception and thinking, as well as sensitivity to heat. MS affects individuals differently. For some, it starts with a subtle sensation, and their symptoms do not progress for months or years.
Sometimes, symptoms worsen rapidly, within weeks or months. A few people will only have mild symptoms, and others will experience significant changes that lead to disability. However, most people will experience times when symptoms worsen and then get better. Find out more about the early signs of MS here.
Scientists do not really know what causes MS, but risk factors include:. Genetic factors: Susceptibility may pass down in the genes, but scientists believe an environmental trigger is also necessary for MS to develop, even in people with specific genetic features.
Smoking: People who smoke appear to be more likely to develop MS. They also tend to have more lesions and brain shrinkage than non-smokers. Other viruses that may play a role include human herpes virus type 6 HHV6 and mycoplasma pneumonia.
Vitamin D deficiency: MS is more common among people who have less exposure to bright sunlight, which is necessary for the body to create vitamin D.
Some experts think that low levels of vitamin D may affect the way the immune system works. Vitamin B12 deficiency: The body uses vitamin B when it produces myelin. A lack of this vitamin may increase the risk of neurological diseases such as MS. Previous theories have included exposure to canine distemper, physical trauma, or aspartame, an artificial sweetener, but there is no evidence to support these.
How does MS affect women? Click here to find out more. No single test can confirm a diagnosis, so a doctor will use several strategies when deciding whether a person meets the criteria for a diagnosis.
If the doctor diagnoses MS, they will need to identify what type it is and whether it is active or not. The person may need more tests in the future to check for further changes. Learn more here about the tests for diagnosing MS.
There is no cure for MS, but treatment is available that can slow the progression of the disease, reduce the number and severity of relapses, and relieve symptoms. Some people also use complementary and alternative therapies, but research does not always confirm the usefulness of these.
These work by changing the way the immune system functions. A doctor may give some of these by mouth, by injection, or as an infusion. How often the person needs to take them and whether they can do this at home will depend on the drug. The following DMTs currently have approval :. Current guidelines recommend a person begin using these drugs when in the early stages of MS, as there is a good chance that they can slow the progression of MS, especially if the person takes them when symptoms are not yet severe.
Some drugs are more useful at specific stages. For example, a doctor may prescribe mitoxantrone at a later, more severe stage of MS.
A doctor will monitor how well a drug is working, as there may be adverse effects and the same drugs do not suit everyone. New drug options coming onto the market are proving to be safer and more effective than some existing ones. Adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs include a higher risk of infections.
Some medications may also harm the liver. If a person notices adverse effects or if their symptoms get worse, they should seek medical advice. Other drugs are useful when a person experiences a worsening of symptoms during a flare.
They will not need these drugs all the time. These medications include corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
They can treat an acute flare-up of symptoms in certain types of MS. Examples include Solu-Medrol methylprednisolone and Deltasone prednisone. Steroids can have adverse effects if a person uses them too often, and they are not likely to provide any long-term benefit. Behavioral changes: If a person has vision problems, a doctor may recommend they rest their eyes from time to time or limit screen time.
Groups like the Crips and MS have spread from coast to coast, and even abroad. The ordeal faced by Ms. Kolkiewicz, the Ebola victim, Mr. Willia ms , and Mr. Mutora is terrifying. In the ruling, she expressed her admiration for Ms.
Now, Carol Danvers debuted in as Ms. Marvel, an Air Force officer who crosses paths with Captain Marvel. While it is sadly too late for Ms. First, in point of view of general interest, is a collection of drawings and poe ms in their original MS. We can easily understand that the original MS. Even thus, the line is imperfect, but is completed by help of the Sion MS.
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