Paul, Judaism and Human Relations," he stops to break a lance with St. Paul in a manner not too effectual. He classes him among "the world's most dangerous sex reactionaries" p. Sexual Behavior: Normal and Abnormal. Coronavirus Resource Center. Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience.
By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy Continue. Twitter Facebook. This Issue. Other Articles. ICD includes compulsive sexual behavior as a disorder. This impulse control disorder is characterized by a repetitive and intense preoccupation with sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors that leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functioning and to other adverse consequences.
A series of studies explored the facets of compulsive sexual behavior among adults and adolescents. Sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors promote self-harm as well as harm to close others such as family members, colleagues, and peers.
Constant uncontrolled engagement with sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors with numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly reduce repetitive sexual behavior.
Negative feelings and distress accompanied by guilt and shame because of sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors. Escape to sexual fantasies, pornography, and sexual behaviors because of pain, stress, and distress.
Efrati and Mikulincer 8 identified two aspects of compulsive sexual behavior: individual-based and partner-based. Individual-based compulsive sexual behavior refers to inner conflicts of individuals who constantly engage in sexual fantasies, compulsive sexual thoughts, and masturbation.
Partner-based compulsive sexual behavior includes interpersonal sexual conquests and repeated infidelity. Here lies one of the key differences between adults and adolescents in the manifestation of compulsive sexual behavior. Whereas adults often exhibit both individual-based and partner-based compulsive sexual behavior, individual-based compulsive sexual behavior is much more prevalent than partner-based among adolescents because most of the experiences during adolescence do not include physical intimacy.
The range of human sexual activity is quite variable and it is difficult to differentiate normal from abnormal sexual behavior in form and frequency. Compulsive sexual behavior is not so much mere form or frequency of sexual behavior; rather, it is a pattern of sexual behavior that is initially pleasurable but becomes unfulfilling, self-destructive, and one that the individual is unable to stop. The ability to differentiate normal from abnormal sexual behavior among adolescents is even more challenging.
The I-CSB has a clinical cut-off that helps identify compulsive sexual behavior with a high degree of certainty. Excessive and uncontrolled use of pornography is one reason for seeking professional help among both youths and adults.
In addition, many do not feel competent or comfortable treating this disorder. When seeking to refer a patient for compulsive sexual behavior, psychiatrists should look for a therapist who specializes in treating sexual disorders.
To date, there are no placebo-controlled studies on any treatment modality for compulsive sexual behavior. The most promising modalities are cognitive behavioral therapy CBT , cognitive analytic therapy CAT , and mindfulness. The aim of CBT is to identify underlying dysfunctional thoughts and utilizing cognitive tasks and behavioral interventions allow patients to avoid the triggers for compulsive sexual behavior.
See Birchard 13 for a detailed review. It begins by a formulation of therapeutic goals to create a blueprint for the intervention, to prevent therapeutic drift, and to keep the work on target. Diagrammatic explanations of the history and function of a problematic sexual behavior are used to bring order into what would otherwise be chaos and uncertainty. During this phase, factors that cause the patient to turn to their harmful behavior are recognized.
Next, using various cognitive techniques these factors are targeted to break the link between them and the harmful behavior. For example, therapist may use the Socratic questioning method to elicit new understandings for the patient, helping them to think about the problem in a new way.
CAT is a relational and collaborative three-phase, time-limited psychotherapy that integrates cognitive and analytic principles. The next phase is enhancing the recognition of the problematic states and procedures. This recognition is gained via production of a sequential diagrammatic reformulation accompanied by self-monitoring between sessions to enhance self-awareness of the problematic patterns.
Gender comprises both gender identity and gender role. Gender identity is the subjective sense of knowing to which gender one belongs; ie, whether people regard themselves as male, female, transgender, or another identifying term eg, genderqueer, nonbinary, agender. Gender role is the objective, public expression of gender identity and includes everything that people say and do to indicate to themselves and to others the degree to which they are the gender with which they identify.
Gender role behaviors fall on a continuum of traditional masculinity or femininity, with a growing cultural recognition that some people do not fit—nor necessarily wish to fit—into the traditional male-female dichotomy. These people may refer to themselves as genderqueer, nonbinary, or one of many other terms that have become more commonly used over the past 10 years.
Moreover, definitions and categorizations of gender role may differ across societies. The term cisgender is sometimes used to refer to people whose gender identity corresponds to the sex assigned them at birth. Usually, this behavior is part of normal development. Gender nonconformity behavior that differs from cultural norms for a person's birth sex in children is not considered a disorder and usually does not persist into adulthood or lead to gender dysphoria Gender Dysphoria Gender dysphoria is characterized by a strong, persistent cross-gender identification associated with anxiety, depression, irritability, and often a wish to live as a gender different from the Societal attitudes about sexuality, sex, and gender change with time, as has occurred with the following:.
Masturbation: Once widely regarded as a perversion and a cause of mental disorders, clinicians have long recognized masturbation as a normal sexual activity throughout life.
It is considered abnormal only when it inhibits partner-oriented behavior, is done in public, or is sufficiently compulsive to cause distress. Although masturbation is harmless, guilt created by the disapproval and punitive attitudes still held by some people may cause considerable distress and impair sexual performance.
Masturbation often continues at some level even in a sexually healthy relationship. Like heterosexuality, homosexuality results from complex biologic and environmental factors leading to an ability to become sexually aroused by people of the same sex. And like heterosexuality, homosexuality is not a matter of choice.
Promiscuity: Frequent sexual activity with many partners, often involving anonymous or one-time-only encounters, may indicate a diminished capacity for emotional intimacy. However, promiscuity is not in itself a psychosexual disorder. Casual sex is common in Western cultures, although the fear of AIDS, herpes simplex infections, and other sexually transmitted diseases has resulted in a decrease.
Extramarital sex: Most cultures discourage extramarital sexual activity but accept premarital or nonmarital sexual activity as normal. In the US, most people engage in sexual activity before marriage or without marriage as part of the trend toward more sexual freedom in developed countries. Extramarital sex occurs frequently among married people despite social taboos and the risk of contracting and passing on sexually transmitted infections to unsuspecting spouses or sex partners.
0コメント